Leigh Ann Walker, Staff Accountant Essay

Leigh Ann Walker was an exceptional student in college. Her 3.9 grade point average and her involvement in numerous business organizations set her apart from most other students. As a result of her hard work and dedication on campus, Leigh Ann received a total of six job offers. Upon graduation, Leigh Ann accepted an offer from a Big Six accounting firm to be an entry-level auditor. Despite such accomplishments, we believe that Leigh Ann made a significant mistake by lying to her supervisor about her CPA examination, and that she was rightly punished for her actions. We feel as if Leigh Ann’s supervisor, Jackie Vaughn, did not overreact in this situation, but rather she handled the situation like a professional should. The public accounting industry is one that has substantially high standards for integrity and honesty, and in order to maintain that reputation, the individuals that frame the industry must not compromise their standards in any way. Further, the public accounting industry is in an even larger spotlight today as a result of high-profile accounting scandals that have taken place in recent years. The process of regaining trust from the public can take many years after significant fraud schemes such as those that occurred about a decade ago. Due to such a high importance of integrity in the public accounting industry, we would have dealt with this situation in a similar manner that both Jackie Vaughn and Don Roberts did. Although the actions of Leigh Ann are not to the scale of dishonesty that large fraud schemes are, we believe that if someone is faithful in little things, he/she will be faithful in larger ones, and in the same way, if someone is dishonest in little things, he/she will not be honest with greater responsibilities. So even though Leigh Ann’s lying about her CPA exam dates had nothing to do with a large financial fraud scheme, she still lied about a small situation, which could easily lead to larger dishonest acts in her future career. In Roberts’ point of view, he likely views each of the staff members in his firm as potential partners and future decision makers for his firm. Leigh Ann’s way of hiding her embarrassment by lying about when she planned to take the CPA examination demonstrates that she lacks personal integrity. If Roberts were to allow such an individual to progress in his firm to a position of significant decision making, he could be jeopardizing the reputation, and even more important, the future existence of his firm. Roberts’ decision to let Leigh Ann go was not solely based on his own reasoning, either, as he consulted with three other partners in the firm as to how he should go about handling the situation. However, this does not go without saying that Roberts has personal integrity, either. At the end of the case, Roberts clearly demonstrates his lack of honesty by telling Leigh Ann that he, and the other partners, would not reveal the reason why she was dismissed if they were contacted by her potential employers in the future. This case is a demonstration that personal integrity is difficult to find just about anywhere. The importance of teaching honesty and integrity to the future leaders of this country is of utmost importance.

Julias Food Booth Essay

Introduction Julia is planning to lease a food booth outside the Tech Stadium at Home Football games to finance her last year education with all the games go sold out. The rent for the booth per game is $ 1000. Julia will sell slices of Cheese Pizza, Hot Dogs and Barbecue Sandwiches which are acclaimed to be the most popular so these are the three products she has chosen to sell at the home games football stadium. The rent for oven is $ 600 for six home games, which makes it $ 100 per game. To keep things simple, Julia decided to hire an outside pizza delivery company, it seems to be cost effective and for other items she plans to prepare them the night before. Space taken by Pizza is 14† x 14†, hot dogs are 16 in/sq. and the BBQ sandwich is 25 â€Å"sq. The cost price of Pizza $6.00, or $.75 ea slice with 8 slices/pizza the hot dogs $0.45 each, and sandwiches$.90 each, respectively. The sale price of Pizza Slice is $1.50, hot dogs $1.60 and the BB-Q sandwich is $2.25. Julia’s initial investment is $1500 which would pay for the first game day; she would pay the future home games out of proceeds earned from the games. From Student Feedbacks she has learnt that she can sell as many slices of Pizza as Hot dogs and BBQ sandwich’s combined. She feels she can sell twice as many hot dogs as she can the BBQ sandwich’s. Julia believes that she can make at least $1000 net profit after expenses are paid per game. Objective Function Objective here is to maximize the profit. Profit is calculated for each variable by subtracting cost from the selling price. Pizza. Cost $6 / 8 = $ 0.75 (Cost per slice) Z =$0.75 x1 +$.45Ãâ€"2 + $.90 x3. Profit per: $.75/slice pizza, $1.15/hot dog $ 1.35/BBQ Sandwich Sales Price: $2.25 $ 1.60 $ 1.50 Sale Price: 3x/Sandwich; 2x/ Hot dog and 1x/pizza slice. Decision Variables Constraints: Budget Constraint: 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 2Ãâ€"3 x2 – 2Ãâ€"3 => 0 If extra help @$100/game = $100/x6 Non Negative Restrictions: x1, x2 , x3 all are >= 0 Final Model Maximize Total Profit: Z = 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 = 0 D. Over all with the expenses of food supplies, oven leasing, the booth and the pay for help, she will still be far ahead in her net profit and it will be well worth the help in the end. Certainly there will be uncertainty, which is with all endeavors, but those have to be accounted for as best you can. References Taylor, B. W. (2011). Introduction to Management Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. coursehero, (2009, Apr. 13). linear programing [Msg google..com]. Message posted to http://coursehero.com/

Safer Walking Technology Therapists Perspective Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionDementia is a medical status that affects the encephalon and its abilities. The normal procedures like thought, memory, understanding and opinion are the most affected. In most instances, the symptoms worsen over the period of clip. Peoples even lose the control over emotions in certain instances. Therefore, it is of import to take attention of these people and utilize effectual techniques to assist them get by better with the symptoms and lead a better life ( NHS Choices, 2009 ) . Around 570,000 people are enduring from dementedness in England and this figure is expected to lift drastically over following few decennaries. The people age 65 and above are more prone to dementia, and the opportunities of developing dementedness additions with older age. There are four different types of dementedness, Alzheimer ‘s disease, vascular dementedness, dementedness with Lewy organic structures and fronto-temporal dementedness. Fronto-temporal dementedness is the rarest type of dementedness while as Alzheimer ‘s disease is the most common type. Though dementia affects critical procedures like thought, understanding and memory, self attention is extremely recommended for such people. Apart from ego attention and support from the household, organisations like NHS provide specialised support to the patients ( NHS Choices, 2009 ) . Rolling – a term used to mention to walking behaviors that represent a hazard for an person ( Banty et al. , 2010 ) enduring with dementedness. Such people are difficult to take attention of. Apart from occupational healers, recent advanced in engineering have seen assistive engineering being developed for the people with dementedness. The assistive engineering has sparked a argument amongst the research workers. While some support it and see it as a measure frontward to healthcare of people affected from dementedness, many see it as an violation to the patients ‘ liberty. How successful this assistive engineering proves to be, nevertheless, remains to be seen. â€Å" The usage of the term ‘technology ‘ in relation to dementia attention provokes conflicting reactions. For some, ‘technology is a Jesus, the manner to paradise? ? ? ; others are profoundly leery of engineering and size up its advocates carefully for any tell-tale Markss of the Beast? ? ‘ † ( Cash, 2003 ) . Dementia costs the UK over ?17 billion per twelvemonth. Apart from the consequence this unwellness has on the economic system, the affect on the lives of the people that have dementia and the people associated to the sick are reeling. It has a serious impact on communities. With increasing figure of aged people in the society, the figure of people enduring from the unwellness besides increases. The figure is estimated to be over a million by 2025. This can overpower the wellness and societal attention services, which are already unable to get by with the challenge posed by dementedness ( Alzheimer ‘s Society, 2007a ) .Literature ReviewThe figure of older people aged 65 and over is lifting at an accelerated gait, it is the fastest turning section of the population worldwide and life anticipation is increasing every bit good as length of service over clip. Whilst people are populating longer, the sustained growing of the older population brings every bit considerable wellness, ec onomic and societal challenges ( Li et al, 2007 ; Kinsella and Wan, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the World Health Organization – WHO, 2001 dementedness presents an unprecedented challenge to the society and is one of chief causes of disablement in ulterior life, impacting chiefly older people. At present, there are about 700,000 people with dementedness in the United Kingdom and this figure is predicted to lift by 154 per cent to over 1.7 million people by the twelvemonth 2051 ( Alzheimer ‘s Society, 2007a ; 2009 ) . The National Dementia Strategy for England – published in 2009 – set up 17 cardinal aims to better the quality of dementedness attention through intervention and direction of the disease. One of the aims highlights the demand for commissioners to see the proviso of options such as assistive engineering to assist people with dementedness to populate independently in their communities and to assist the direction of hazard every bit good as to detain the demand for intensive services including admittance to residential or nursing places ( Department of Health – Do, 2009 ) . In dementedness attention, assistive engineering can be described as a scope of devices and systems taking at back uping persons to keep their independency and authorising clients and carers to pull off more efficaciously their activities of day-to-day populating – ADL ( i.e. , functional mobility ) every bit good as their instrumental activities of day-to-day populating – IADL ( i.e. , community mobility and wellness direction and care ) every bit good as heightening wellbeing. ( American Occupational Therapy Association, 2002 ; Alzheimer ‘s Society, 2007b ) With the execution of specific intercessions including the proviso of assistive engineering, occupational healers may non merely lend to better wellbeing and independency of clients with dementedness, but besides to cut down dependance on their carers, and to protract independent life and detain the demand for intensive or inpatient services including admittance to residential or nursing places ( Graff et al, 2008 ; Chakraborty, 2009? ? ? ) . Dementia is a chronic and progressive organic encephalon upset taking to the diminution of cognitive working including memory loss, troubles with information processing, perceptual experience, spacial consciousness, every bit good as emotional and behavioral alterations ( WHO, 2001 ; Perrin et Al, 2008 ) . Rolling – a term used to mention to walking behaviors that represent a hazard for an single – is one of the most ambitious symptoms of dementedness. It is estimated that rolling occurs between 15 to 60 per centum of people with dementedness. While walking is a good activity, persons can go forth their places ( unnoticed ) and non be able to happen their manner back. Banty et Al ( 2010 ) highlights the hazards associated with rolling including hypothermia, desiccation and even mortality. It can convey hurt and anxiousness to both clients and their carers and it can take to the usage of physical restraint such as persons with dementedness being locked into their places, pharmacological traditional intercessions every bit good as an early admittance to residential attention places. ( Alzheimer ‘s Society, 2007b, Robinson et Al, 2007 ; Banty White et Al, 2010 ; Hope and Fairburn, 2004 ) Safer walking engineering – an alternate term used by Alzheimer Society in the United Kingdom – United kingdom which encompasses ‘electronic surveillance, labeling and tracking engineering and it will be used throughout this survey – might enable people with dementedness to keep their independency, to prosecute their occupational activities to increase liberty whilst understating hazard, accordingly lending to their wellbeing. These engineerings comprise of dismay and surveillance system which alert carers when a user cross over a set boundary within their environment, and tracking devices which enable a user to be located at any clip and topographic point ( Alzheimer ‘s Society, 2007b ) . Despite several progresss in research, evidence-based surveies back uping the efficaciousness of this engineering for people with dementedness with rolling behavior remains limited and inconclusive. ( Cash, 2003 ; Adams and Clarke, 2001 ) The writer of this survey intends to reexamine four recent research findings related to safer walking engineering and people with dementedness life in the community. In visible radiation of demographic, social-economic tendencies, the UK authorities is making enterprises and policies with the purpose of protracting independent life for people with dementedness in the community ( DoH, 2009 more mentions ) . Non-statutory administrations such as Alzheimer ‘s ‘ Society support the usage of this engineering. Both sectors nevertheless, strongly highlights the demand for farther research and evidence-based on the clinical effectivity of the usage of this engineerings ( DoH, 2009 ; Shoval et Al, 2008 ) . While there are possible positive and digesting benefits from utilizing safer walking engineering for people with dementedness and their carers ; there are nevertheless, of import factors to be considered such as ethical considerations and the hazard involved in utilizing and supplying these engineerings. In drumhead, there are an increasing figure of surveies on safer walking engineering which highlight the common subjects presented on their findings including the benefits and hazards for users and carers on utilizing its devices and systems every bit good as the ethical issues involved in the usage and development of this advanced engineering. The surveies besides greatly emphasise the demand of farther researches with the engagement of users and their carers ( Robinson et al, 2007 ; BMJ, 2007? ? Where is the mention? / ; Shoval et Al, 2008 ; Landau et Al, 2009 ) .Literature Review HighlightsRobinson et Al. ( 2007 ) say that the recommendations by the current authorities in England suggest a national attack to put on the line direction. But, in a litigious society, the balance between hazard direction and the person-centred attack in dementedness attention is difficult to keep. While rolling behavior in people with dementedness can be helpful, it is chiefly harmful and generates emotional hurt in the carers. The struggle between bar of injury and easing the individual ‘s right to autonomy frequently puts the carers into a quandary. The related issue is highlighted through the usage of assistive engineerings such as electronic tracking devices. The patients feel that these engineerings place them at greater hazards, i.e. as a mark to larceny. The patients besides express concern over their independency. There is a demand to develop practical tools for pull offing hazard within dementedness attention which allow both hazard direction to be managed and all other position negotiated. BMJ ( 2007 ) assesses the cost effectivity of community based occupational therapy compared with usual attention in older patients with dementedness and the caretakers. â€Å" Community occupational therapy intercession for patients with dementedness and their attention givers is successful and cost effectual, particularly in footings of informal attention giving. † Dementia is one of the major causes of disablement in aged people. The disease is degenerative and causes memory and behavioral upsets. It besides consequences in loss of independent operation, concluding and opinion. This causes jobs to the ill and load to the household and the caretakers. Occupational therapy tends to convey about an betterment in the day-to-day operation of the people with dementedness. It may besides cut down health care costs because of improved independency in patients and an enhanced sense of competency in the attention takers. Shoval et Al ( 2008 ) stress on the most common behavioral manifestations of upsets related to dementia, i.e. jobs with out-of-home mobility. Attempts have been made in the yesteryear to accomplish a better apprehension sing the mobility behavior. But, all the observations are based on the institutionalised patients and health professionals. There is a demand to do a significant part to basic every bit good as applied and clinical facets in the country of cognitive damage and mobility research. Landau et Al ( 2009 ) examined the attitudes of the household and professional health professionals towards the usage of electronic tracking for patients with dementedness. The health professionals were caught between caring for the safety of the patients and patient ‘s liberty. Family health professionals favoured the electronic trailing devices like the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) and the Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) . Both household and professional health professionals believe that determination on tracking the patients with dementedness should be an intra-family issue. These electronic devices are really of import for rolling patients as these people may non be recollect their memory to happen their manner back place. For older people with dementedness, rolling can be a potentially life endangering behavior. Sing the demand for assistive engineering for the roving patients, it is necessary to happen an reply to the undermentioned inquiry: What is the position of the occupational healers on the proviso of safer walking engineering with dementedness? Hence an interview to research ‘occupational healers ‘ position on the proviso of safer walking engineering for people with dementedness with rolling behavior in the community ‘ is both appropriate and feasible. To reply the above inquiry, the proposed research aims are: to look into participants ‘ consciousness of safer walking engineering to understand the importance of technological aid in safe walking techniquesResearch MethodologyDescription and Justification of Research DesignThe purpose of this survey is to research the occupational healers ‘ position on the proviso of safe walking engineering for people with dementedness with rolling behavior. For the intent of a deep survey into the issues, a qualitative research method was used. Qualitative research seeks to explicate the universe instead than step it. Qualitative research is holistic and blatantly interpretive. This sort of a research design trades chiefly with words ( Iorio, 2004 ) . Qualitative research workers examine the texts and artifacts in their work while entering everything they find in authorship or otherwise. These records are so analysed and interpreted to analyze a research job and happen suited decisions. A constructivist grounded theory research design was applied to come up with a conclusive statement. Constructivism is a theoretical attack to societal scientific discipline. The theory is based on the premise that people create their ain societal universe and acknowledges multiple worlds. It recognises the common creative activity of cognition by the research worker and participant. Therefore, constructivist attack necessitates a relationship with participants in which they can state their narratives in their ain footings while listening with openness to feeling and experience is every bit of import ( Charmaz, 2000 ) . Grounded theory is an attack to data aggregation and analysis ab initio developed by Glaser and Strauss in the sixtiess. The purpose of the grounded theory research is to develop theory from the informations collected by the research worker ( Halloway 1997 ) . A constructivist attack to anchor theory requires following a place of mutualness between the research worker and participant in the research procedure which requires a rethinking of the grounded theoretician ‘s traditional function of nonsubjective perceiver ( Mills et al. , 2006 ) . Position is ‘a mental position of the comparative importance of things ‘ ( oxford lexicon, 1990 ) , a subjective construct which can non be quantifiable, hence a semi-structured interview will be the chosen method of informations aggregation. Halloway ( 1997 ) says that interviews are the favoured method of qualitative research. While roll uping all the necessary theoretical informations, interviews give the research worker a opportunity to obtain positions of the participants/interviewees by giving them a opportunity to show their ain ideas and feelings. Interview method allows an in-depth history of participants ‘ experiences ( Domholdt, 2005 ) and their positions analysed for elicited subjects and classs associated to the relevant research inquiry. A semi-structured interview method is deemed appropriate for this survey, as it can be seen as a flexible attack to let possibility to research beyond the replies and potentially to come in into natural two-ways conversation with the participant. For the selected method, a set of open-ended inquiries ( Appendix 2 ) purpose to let for participants to give their sentiments without being restricted as deemed when utilizing structured interview or questionnaire methods to informations aggregation. While interview is the suited method for this survey, in peculiar in a semi-structure format where participants can research in deepness their position on safer walking engineerings and their positions on the incorporation of electronic surveillance of the patients ; there are restrictions including clip ( questioning, transcribing and analyzing informations ) , limited geographical distribution due to costs and clip, low dependability and possible prejudice ( Domholdt, 2005 ) . The research procedure would be completed in eight hebdomads ( Appendix 1 ) . Literature reappraisal is an of import portion of this research and it would be of import to maintain update of the new developments over the class of this research. The experimental design would be finalized in hebdomad 2 and 3 and submitted for ethical blessing of the concerned governments. Week 3 and 4 will see the enlisting of the practicians for the interviews, and the interviews will be held in hebdomads 4 to 6. The informations obtained from the interviews will be analysed and a study prepared by the terminal of 8th hebdomad.Indication and Justification of Required Number of ParticipantsAs the research is comparatively little graduated table, merely 10 participants will be interviewed. They will be qualified occupational healers with changing grades of station measure uping experience, employed by the National Health Services – NHS within Community Mental Health Teams – CMHT who work wi th people with dementedness for at least two old ages.Administration of Access to and Recruitment of Possible ParticipantsThe choice of the participants will be conducted utilizing a purposive sampling. This type of trying involves witting choice of certain elements by the research worker ( Grove, 2005 ) . The research worker will enlist the contact inside informations of all older people-community mental wellness squads ( CMHT ) in the greater London country. After ethical blessing has been gained from all relevant organic structures, the research worker will seek contact with service directors of each squad to obtain permission to reach occupational healers as possible participants to this survey. Additional permissions and blessing of the CNHT would be required to carry on these interviews within their office installations.Inclusion Exclusion Criteria of ParticipantsThe inclusion standards require that participants are qualified occupational healers, working with people with dementedness for at least two old ages in an older people mental wellness community squads. The participants might work as occupational healers specific and as a care-coordinator. The clip restriction will guarantee that research worker will derive a richer in-depth history of their experiences and position of s upplying or sing the proviso of safer walking. Geographic distribution will be limited to participants working in a NHS trust within the greater London country parametric quantities. The exclusion standards require that participants to hold no managerial place. The current state of affairs requires a direct interaction with the professionals involved in the attention of the people with dementedness. The sample will be chiefly guided to interview operational healers presently working straight with the patients.Indication of Ethical Issues Relevant to the ProposalThe undertaking would be submitted to the moralss commission of the Brunel University for their blessing. After acquiring the blessing from the university, the proposal would be submitted to the research ethical commission ( REC ) of NHS for their blessing.Discussion of Ethical Considerations Related to Participation and ConsentAn informed consent would be required from the occupational healers prior to the enlisting for this undertaking. If necessary, permission would be taken from the organisations like NHS the practicians are involved with earlier enlisting. The practicians ‘ would be kept good in formed about the work and its results.Indication of Any Risks and Benefits to Participants and/or ResearcherIn relation to the two out of four most of import ethical rules prolonging ethical pattern in most countries of wellness attention beneficence ( making good ) and non-malfeasance ( non making injury ) ( Beauchamp and Childress, 2001 ) ; the research worker, by questioning, and deriving information on the position and sentiments of participants in relation to the proviso of safer walking engineering to service users, endeavoured to advance the well being of the participants and to guarantee that no injury was experienced by them. Although this is a little survey with comparatively low risked involved, measuring the possible benefits against the hazard to both participant and interviewer will be an on-going consideration during the research procedure. Harmonizing to College of Occupational Therapists ( 2003 ) , â€Å" Research must hold intended value for participants, research workers, the profession, the research community and/or society. † While there is no direct benefits to take part in this survey, participants will hold an chance to show their sentiment about the issue of safer walking engineering where research is thin within occupational therapy and lending to the addition of research capacity within the profession ( College of Occupational Therapists, 2010 ) .Consideration of issues of confidentiality and informations securityThe results of the interviews would be kept confidential. While in some interviews it is of import to uncover the inside informations, nevertheless, the participants can take to stay anon. in this instance ( Driscoll, and Brizee, 2010 ) .Comprehensive description of ProceduresOccupational healers willing to take part in the research will have full information prior to make up one's minding to take part. After having informed consent signifiers back, participants will be contacted by telephone to set up a suited clip for interview every bit good as for booking an interview/meeting room at their office premises. Interviews will last about 60 proceedingss, nevertheless, it will be agreed with participants that interview/meeting room must booked for 90 proceedingss. The participants would be given all the inside informations of the research methodological analysis. Furthermore, the research worker will explicate to participants the processs for the interview including confidentiality issues. Measures would be taken to do certain that this research does non harm the participants in any mode. If necessary, names or any designation will be removed from records. To avoid personal sentiments impacting the result of the interviews, researched would be accompanied by his or her coach.Description and justification of the proposed pilot survey that would be carried out prior to induction of the full surveyA pilot interview will be conducted with one the occupational healers within the chief sample of participants. This step can supply an chance for the researcher/interviewer to reflect on and measure on his/her interview, verbal and non-verbal communicating every bit good as the participant reaction to the interview. In add-on, a pilot interview will ena ble the researcher/interviewer to obtain participant feedback on the suitableness of the informations aggregation methods including lucidity of the inquiries every bit good as become accustomed to the use of the recording equipment and informations security processs ( Domholdt, 2005 ) . To understate prejudice, the researcher/interviewer will work under his/her coach supervising. The feedback informations will be evaluated and analysed by both researcher and coach. Whether minor or major alterations are required, the research worker will set the original set of inquiries or either to supply a new set of inquiry harmonizing to the findings. The pilot interview will be incorporated into the chief survey if no alteration is needed otherwise the stuff relevant to the pilot interview will be destroyed.Justification of chosen method of Data analysisData analysis was coincident to the informations aggregation. For the analysis of informations, the grounded theory attack of Strauss and Corbin ( 1990 ) was used. As informations collected through qualitative research is constantly unstructured and frequently text based, the qualitative research worker has to supply some construction and coherency to the big sum of informations while retaining a clasp of the original histories and observations from which it is derived ( Holloway, 1997 ) . To ease this, the model analysis designed by Richie and Spencer ( 1994 ) was used. This method portions common characteristics with thematic analysis. Framework analysis is designed to ease systematic analysis of the information. It is an inductive attack and uses the changeless comparative method which is a cardinal characteristic of grounded theory. This attack was chosen because it is systematic, easy to follow and consistent with a constructivist position. Five cardinal phases to the procedure are identified: familiarization, placing a thematic model, indexing, charting and function and reading ( Ritchie and Spencer, 1994 ) . It is possible either for all the informations to be collected before analysis occurs or every bit for informations aggregation and analysis to happen at the same time. The changeless comparative attack was used so that in line with the constructivist nature of the enquiry some of the findings from earlier interviews could be fed into subsequent interviews by a procedure known as the hermeneutic rhythm ( Rodwell, 1998 ) .Appraisal of Resources required, including a Timetable for the Proposed Research.Cost will include travel disbursals within Greater London country with the usage of an oyster card ; printing and letter paper stuff and postage ; purchase of a new sim card to be used on the research workers ‘ Mobile phone. Fundss to cover the above costs will be provided by the research worker. Digital recording equipment, rechargeable battery and a laptop computing machine with suited applications including package for uploading the collected stuff are properness of the research worker ; hence no cost will be incurred on the use of the above equipments. The research worker intends to carry on interviews in an interview/meeting room at participants ‘ CMHT offices. Therefore no costs will be incurred on leasing installations for the intent of this survey. Human resources include both researcher and tutor clip and handiness.DecisionDementia affects the mental ability of the people enduring from it adversely. It is responsible for impairment of the cognitive abilities like opinion and apprehension. In many instances, dementedness leads to a status called roving, where the patients go on lone walks and bury the manner back because of the medical status. The debut of electronic surveillance and community based attention are recent developments in the field of dementedness attention. Dementia is one of the most cost incurring diseases in the UK. The new facets of attention claim to admit the comparative issues of the disease and do it economically feasible. Although new schemes are being devised and implemented on a regular basis, dementedness continues to be a serious economic and wellness attention job. There have been claims of rolling being good to the wellness of people holding dementedness ; the grounds is non strong ( Robinson et al, 2007 ) . The electronic trailing devices are wild put to inquiry by the professional health professionals for attaching on the personal liberty of the people holding dementedness. This signifies a displacement towards a more person-centred attack to the direction of rolling. This displacement towards the individual centred attack may besides be reflected in the hereafter research surveies and the result steps selected to measure the effectivity of new schemes and intercessions. There is a demand to choose the result steps which are more meaningful to people with dementedness and their carers, such as quality of life, physical and emotional well being and serious inauspicious events alternatively of t rying to mensurate existent behavior ( Robinson, 2007 ) . This survey capitalizes on the positions of the occupational healers to spot a demand for individual centred attention in the hereafter. It has been established that there exists a demand to explicate a state of affairs specific tool for measuring all assortments of hazards. The survey has found that this aforesaid tool demands to non merely be a hazard estimating method but should besides function the demand for embracing a myriad of positions that will so be taken into history, evaluated and catalogued as mention stuff every bit good. Te survey highlights the function of helpful engineerings in authorising individuals get bying with assorted signifiers of dementedness and enabling them to populate a self-sufficing life. Adept sentiment dictates that while measuring the importance, utility and farther range of electronic devices aimed at helping people enduring from dementia the primary deciding factor should be the positions and sentiments of the people themselves, followed by find ings derived from scientific and academic researches.Appendix 1Figure 1. A Gantt chart explicating the timeline that would be followed during the class of the researchAppendix 2QuestionnaireHow serious is the issue of rolling in people with dementedness? How can this job be overcome? What is more of import – safety of the patient or patient ‘s liberty? Positions on assistive engineering. Does assistive engineering pose a serious menace to a patient ‘s liberty? How of import is patient ‘s consent for usage of assistive engineering? Keeping the drawbacks of the assistive engineering in head, how can this engineering be improved to do it more patient friendly? What is better – a patient centred healthcare installation or engineering based health care? Taking the pros and cons of rolling into history, is rolling good for people with dementedness? What is more of import – research on societal attention or research on engineering?

The use of budgets in the improvement of management performance and Essay

The use of budgets in the improvement of management performance and control within global businesses - Essay Example What were relevant a century ago are no longer valid because of increased competition and ever changing products, their characteristics and consumer preferences. The following piece of information would be useful for companies presently engaged in traditional budgeting but willing to switch over to other types of budgeting. The purposes of budgeting One of the functions of management is â€Å"planning†. Budgeting is a part and form of planning necessitated by resource constraints. It has been defined as the formal expression of plans, goals, and objectives a management is committed to, concerning all aspects of operations in a business for a given period of time. It is a part of profit planning mechanism based on forecasting and probabilities according to the manager’s best judgement. Budgeting is more often found to be useful in making a business more profitable (Shim, Siegel, & Shim, 2011). Thus, budgeting helps estimate resources in terms of monetary value needed for business activities. Budgeting process forces one to rigorous thinking and the realities of the process will also force one to rethink the plans. Budgeting helps in determining the timing of the requirements. The business is able to monitor its income and expenditure and identify problems if any. It is the basis for accountability of managers and provides transparency. Without the budget, funds cannot be raised from financiers (Shapiro, 2001). Conventional budgeting Called traditional budgeting, it is based on the historical accounting though for the first year the figures are only estimates. Past expenditures are taken as bench marks for future performance. Thus, the budget turns out as list of planned expenditure and incomes. These budgets calculate estimated sales through market demand or production capacity and arrive at estimated revenues. It main purpose is to verify whether actual results are as per the estimates made for each cost or responsibility centre. Thus, budgeting s erves as a management tool for the purpose of controlling the responsibility centres. It also helps to have an overview of how different responsibility centres are interrelated. This type of budgeting can be useful for producer dominated markets such as those existed during the period immediately after world war II when demand for products was high with limited competition (Rohm, 2007). Types of budgets Unlike traditional budgeting which is function oriented, activity based budgeting (ABB) focuses on activity. It looks at the budgeted cost of activities that are required for manufacture and sale of products or for providing services. The activity based budgeting is directly linked to cost management as a part of planning and control. As in traditional budgeting, ABB starts with the forecasting of demand for the company’s products or services known as sales budget. Where as in functional budgeting, company proceeds to make inventory budget, material purchases and the cost of g oods sold budget, ABB considers the demand for output of each activity determined by its cost driver. Rate of consumption of resources for each activity is used for estimating or budgeting the needed resources. In functional budgeting, resources required are directly measured with the use of sales forecasted. In ABB, sales forecasts are employed to measure the activities which then enable determination of resource requirement. This way a company is able control waste and efficiency which is the ultimate goal of budgeting. Application of activity based costing helps preparation of master budget in a more practical manner. In effect, ABB applies the ABC model which assigns resource costs to activities and allocates activity costs to produce products and services (Shim, Siegel, & Shim, 2011). Zero Based

Sex Education in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex Education in Schools - Essay Example This paper declares that  sexuality in children is a complex issue that Sigmund Freud has divided into five stages known as sexual development. The five steps include oral phase, the anal stage also known as bowel, and bladder elimination, a phallic stage that is the discovery of genitals, latency stage which the dormant sexual feelings. The final phase is the genital stage that occurs at maturity of sexuality.   He argues that during every stage of sexual growth, children acquire the vital development to become an adaptive adult. Freud theorized explanations for numerous repressed feelings, and desires, yet also assist in developing strong gender roles. During that time, the boys begin to develop intense anxiety, which is similar to girls.From the discussion it is clear that  sex education in school is vital in that the teenagers will get to know how sexually transmitted diseases are acquired, the issues of contraception, abstinence. If they are not going to learn them in scho ol where better would they learn about it? From media?Or friends?Or do we want them to learn sex education from the responsible adults? When we leave our children in the hands of the media or friend to give them sex education, we may be initiating our   problems. Some of the friends or media are deceitful.  They can mislead the young children to their advantage. Moreover, some friend may take advantage of the innocence of the child and abuse the roles they are expected to play. If we cannot trust our schools with such matters then, who can be trusted with our children?

Alternate Options for Feeding the Animal Herd Assignment

Alternate Options for Feeding the Animal Herd - Assignment Example Flood damage, extreme humidity at harvest time as well as reduced hay yields have left lots of low beef manufacturers having to face shortage of forage for the forthcoming winter. Moreover, the drought in a lot of countries have positioned huge payments on scavenges that are obtainable to purchase. However, this paper consists of how animals should be nourished properly according to their body weight every day. The amount of food provided to them should be used to be based on the quality of the fiber plus the addition of grain to the diet. Additionally, animal's physiological states roughages, by explanation, are feeds that are high in fiber are also discussed in the thesis. This paper consists of various research and techniques to increase hay supplies. Alternate Options for Feeding the Animal Herd When Hay Supplies are Short 2 Chapter 1 1. Introduction Throughout the years of tough climate circumstances, for instance, delayed frosts and reduced yields can consequence in increased hassle for herd owners. Distressing about what they will provide for cows all through the winter or increase production expenses as hay marketplaces are far above the ground. There are quite a few methods that can help in dropping the feed requirements and will be discussed in the paper. Alternate ways, for example, usage of straw, in drought years are also mentioned in the paper to converse how hay supplies might be stretched. Nearly all cattle's in the U.S. are spring calving. As a result, manufacture and nutrient requirements are lowest throughout this time structure with supplies growing all through the late development. However, in late 2005 and throughout the majority of 2006, United States got...Additionally, animal's physiological states roughages, by explanation, are feeds that are high in fiber are also discussed in the thesis. This paper consists of various research and techniques to increase hay supplies. Throughout the years of tough climate circumstances, for instance, delayed frosts and reduced yields can consequence in increased hassle for herd owners. Distressing about what they will provide for cows all through the winter or increase production expenses as hay marketplaces are far above the ground. There are quite a few methods that can help in dropping the feed requirements and will be discussed in the paper. Alternate ways, for example, usage of straw, in drought years are also mentioned in the paper to converse how hay supplies might be stretched. Nearly all cattle's in the U.S. are spring calving. As a result, manufacture and nutrient requirements are lowest throughout this time structure with supplies growing all through the late development. However, in late 2005 and throughout the majority of 2006, United States got familiar with the third concession hay yield in less than a decade.

Global & International Business Contexts (Chilean wine industry) Essay

Global & International Business Contexts (Chilean wine industry) - Essay Example The highly competitive environment in the telecommunication sector has led to low pricing of the communication services that has reduce the cost of the business infrastructure for companies in Chilean markets (William,  Beaujanot  and  Zuniga, 2010). The administrative infrastructure has also been favourable for quick registrations reduced the time of obtaining licences for the new companies entering the wine industry (Rugman and Collison, 2012). The physical infrastructure in Chile supports the growth of wine industry as the country has high efficient air port and sea port facilities to support the distribution of wine. The government has always encouraged development of skills of the available manpower. This has been advantageous for the Chilean wine industry as the efficiency of the workforce is closely linked to the business output (Wines of Chile, 2013). The weakness of the Chilean conditions lay in the lack of good quality of education at various levels in the education s ystem. The government has been coordinating for laying the infrastructure of proper training and development, specialized training for certain industries like the wine industry to provide favourable business environment for the investors. The wine industry of Chile, however, faces the risk of natural disaster like earthquake, volcanoes, etc. Due to these disasters, the wine industry has faced million dollar losses as a result of the damages on the physical infrastructure like the airports, transport facilities, etc. However, the overall industry environment supports adequate level of production to meet the export requirements of the wine industry. The foreign currency regulation is weak in Chile due to which the wine... The strategies and the rivalry prevailing among the wine producers in the Chilean wine markets are also important for analysing the Chilean wine industry. The level of competition in the Chilean wine industry in quite healthy in nature that has the objective of producing quality wine products for supplying to the customers in domestic and foreign markets (Jenster, Hayes and Smith, 2005). The Chilean wine industry has witnessed strong regional competition among the wine producers. Due to the high prospects and the lucrative business opportunities in the wine industry of Chile, there have been foreign direct investments in this sector. The foreign investors have increased their presence in the Chilean wine industry thereby increasing the competition for the production of good quality of wine at competitive prices. The instances of joint ventures have also been noticed in the wine industry. The joint venture between Err azuriz and Mondavi is an example. Thus the competitive rivalry in t he wine industry has been quite intense which led to the increase in performance of wine production and supply over the years. The areas of weakness of the wine industry are also important to analyse the investment proposal of the new business. The wine industry of Chile lacks in the area of governance among the wine producers and suppliers operating in the market (Visser and Langen, 2006). The wine producers and the suppliers lack mutual trust among each other. The practise of copying the marketing and distribution styles of other players has been observed. The Chilean wine industry has shown signs of regional differentiation.

SKILL DEVELOPMENT PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

SKILL DEVELOPMENT PAPER - Essay Example It does not necessarily mean valuing being different from others, but coming up with a variety of possible solutions to a problem and having the openness to try out ideas which others have not dared do before. Leadership skills are essential in taking one’s group to the right direction, sharing the same vision for the betterment of everyone in the company. It keeps the group grounded in the midst of a crisis. Effective communication skills are critical especially if I work in a multicultural environment. Apart from understanding the cultural backgrounds and communication styles of my co-workers, I also need to learn to read non-verbal communication. I also need to be able to express myself better so that I can efficiently deliver the message I want to convey to others. This would include learning negotiating skills which is not only vital in closing deals in business but in resolving any other conflict with other people. This leads to the final skill I want to hone, team-build ing skills which requires good interpersonal skills. It is inevitable that I deal with others in my future career, so I need to learn to establish harmonious relationships with them in order to develop team effectiveness. Improvement Area 1: Creativity Summary of Source 1: Notar, C. & Padgett, S. (2010) Of The Box Thinking†¦Is Thinking Outside The Box 21st Century Code For Imagination, Innovation, Creativity, Critical Thinking, Intuition?, College Student Journal, Jun2010 Part A, Vol. 44, Issue 2 A common phrase used referring to creativity is ‘thinking outside the box†. According to Notar & Padgett, very successful people never appear to have a â€Å"box† from which they operate. However, a box is something associated with something that confines one to a finite space. â€Å"Thinking outside the box† then means not thinking in a finite space but opening the minds out to infinite space with endless possibilities. Some attributes related to thinking out side the box as having a willingness to take new perspectives to day-to-day work. It also entails openness to do different things and to do things differently. Creative individuals focus on the value of finding new ideas and acting on them. They strive to create value in new ways. Although they already have great ideas in mind, they still enjoy listening to others due to their perennial search for better ideas. Summary of Source 2: Sternberg. R. J. (1996) Successful Intelligence: How Practical and Creative Intelligence Determine Success in Life. New York: Simon and Schuster. Sternberg proposes several aspects of interactions that might create or diminish the creative impulse. When faced with tasks that require creative thinking, teams may either work well together towards a solution or work better individually, depending on their creative thinking styles. Groups that compete against one another do much better than groups that compete within themselves. The team concept is stronger t han the survival of the fittest concept of competition. As well, when an employee feels that he will be evaluated for his creativity, the amount of innovation appears to diminish. Summary of Source 3: Fawcett, M. and Hay, P., (2004) 5x5x5=Creativity in the early years. Journal of Art & Design Education, Vol. 23, No. 3 In a study observing the effects of creative teaching and learning, the children were deeply involved in the learning and creative process. This was because the

Interpersonal relationships communication concepts and terms related Research Paper

Interpersonal relationships communication concepts and terms related to the movie 40 year old virgin - Research Paper Example According to Judy Pearson, self-disclosure is â€Å"the process of making intentional revelations about oneself that others would be unlikely to know.† Andy is a very private person: he tells the few friends he has from work very little about himself. Although he is forty years old, he has spent very little time cultivating meaningful friendships. Because of his lack of interpersonal relationships, he has not developed a greater understanding of himself. Pearson claims that self-disclosure increases directly as intimacy increases. Another hindrance in his personal growth is the fact that he is a virgin. Because his intimacy with another human being has not reached the point of sexual intercourse, his personal growth has also been hindered. The first stage of Andy and Trish’s new relationship is called relational development. There are five aspects to this development: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. In the first stage of their relational development, Andy realizes he is attracted to Trish. Physical attraction is usually an important part of the initiating stage. The second stage of their relationship is the experimentation stage. This occurs during their date. They hit it off by finding many things they have in common with each other. In the third stage, the intensifying stage, Andy and Trish attempt to have sex and are interrupted by Trish’s teenage daughter. In a humorous misunderstanding on their first date, Andy reluctantly agrees to wait until their twentieth date to have sex with Trish. The intensifying stage of their relationship is the longest of the movie. They get to know each other much better while still not solidifying their relationship. The fourth stage o f integration occurs after Andy and Trish’s misunderstanding. Trish catches an inebriated Andy in bed with another woman, but he is able to explain that it was a misunderstanding. In the final stage of

Nokia marketing analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nokia marketing analysis - Essay Example This Finnish telecommunication giant has developed expertise in transmission system manufacturing. They are the largest selling mobile phone company across the globe (Younis, 2009). In modern era telecommunication industry has created a lot of interest among people. People use mobile for daily communication purpose. This report will try to throw light on different marketing models used by Nokia to sustain in market. These marketing models include PESTLE (considering political, economical, social, technological, legal, environmental condition of a particular country), Porter's Five Forces of Competition and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threats) for Nokia. PESTLE Analysis for Nokia Nokia has emerged as international telecommunication company in last 50 years. They need to focus on macro environment of a particular country to expand their business. The company must have clear knowledge about market condition of origin country in terms of macro environment (Political condition, Economic situation, social factors, technological aspects, environmental condition and legal structure of the country).

Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Assignment2 - Essay Example Glossary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Images Image 1: The Waikato River System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Image 2: The Waikato River passing through Hamilton City†¦..5 Abstract The government of New Zealand has made it known that it intends to sell Mighty River Power together with some other assets; Mighty River Power is the sole proprietor of the Waikato River Hydro scheme which makes use of waters of the Waikato river water to generate hydroelectric power. A number of Maori organizations have indicated that they are against the sale because they believe they should have a say on the usage of the waters of river Waikato, and through the sale they will not be able to put this claim to the test. This issue has resulted in a nationwide debate regarding the ownership of the river’s waters, and is therefore worth discussing an d writing about. The Treaty of Waitangi, an agreement between the Maori tribes of New Zealand and the Britain’s colonial government, was signed in 1840 after much deliberation by the Queen and a growing concern for the welfare of New Zealand’s indigenous peoples (Orange 1987, pg.32). The Resource Management Act (RMA) was an act of parliament that was passed in 1991 for the primary purpose of stipulating how New Zealand’s natural resources should be managed, and the principles of the Treaty are regarded as the guiding framework of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... At the end of this report, this question should be solved and more clarity should be achieved with regards to this issue. 1. Introduction The Treaty of Waitangi is often viewed as the founding document of the country that is now known as New Zealand (Calman 2003, pg.30). Since its signing in 1840, it has played a very influential role in shaping the country, how its resources are managed and its relation to its indigenous peoples (in this case the Maori). Over years, there have been disagreements between the New Zealand government over the management of resources that the Maori people consider â€Å"theirs†. Most recently, the Crown’s intention to sell Mighty River Power has drawn criticism, outrage and uproar from various groups representing the Maori people. The purpose of this report is to discuss, examine and evaluate the Treaty, the RMA and the principles and to come up with a sensible and practical conclusion on the issue at hand. These three aspects are very impo rtant to the final outcome since they explain where all this is coming from and how it can be resolved. The significance of this report is that it will finally decide how to move forward in this whole conundrum; it will look at both parties’ claims and address them in a sound manner and finally put the matter to bed. This report will cover events and aspects dating from 1840 to the current and most recent controversy pitting the government of New Zealand and the Maori people. As a result, whatever conclusion is reached will be arrived at after a lot of factors are studied and examined exhaustively. Limitations to this study might be that so many changes have occurred since 1840, and yet everything in between must be looked into; the

The most energy Essay Example for Free

The most energy Essay Make sure its on the same flame all the time.   Make sure its the same amount of water all the time (20cm )   Make sure the Bunsen burner isnt too close to the test tube. Stir the water before taking the temperature.   Always weigh the crisp each time. RISK MINIMISING RISK Burning bench Use bench mats Tripping over stools or bags Stools and bags under benches Burning of hair Tie hair back Damaging of eyes Wear safety goggles Paper setting alight Tidy desks, clear of paper Burning or scolding hands Use tongs and set Bunsen burner to safety flame Accuracy and reliability This experiment is fairly accurate but not 100%. To prove the reliability of the experiment we decided to do 3 trials of each crisp type and set to an average. The reliability is good also if you make sure its a fair test. Results 1. Crisp type: Cheese and Onion French Fries. Results 3. Crisp type: Ready Salted Hula Hoops Trial no: 1 2 3 Average Mass of crisps (g) 0. These results look fairly reliable, the mass varies quite a lot between each crisp type as the Peak potatoes crisps on average are 0. 26g and the Walkers Lite are 0. 75g. The temperature increase has turned out very high compared to the other crisps, but this is probably because it has a higher fat content than the rest. The equation to find out how much ENERGY RELEASED from 100g of crisp. Mass of water (20cm ) X Temp difference X 4. 2 = Energy Released J/_______g J/________g mass of crisp (J/1g) X 100 (J/100g) 1000 (KJ/100g) = Energy Released from 100g of crisp KJ/100g. Average Energy Released per 100g French Fries: 1 7 Peak Potato: 56 + 115. 2 +90 KJ/100g = 261. 2 3 = 87. 1 Ready Salted Walkers: 240 + 247. 8 +108. 6 KJ/100g = 198. 8 3 = 198. 5 Hula Hoops: 36 French Fries Peak Potatoes Hula Hoops Walkers Lite 144. 7 KJ/100g 87. 1 KJ/100g 348. 7 KJ/100g 198. 5 KJ/100g Analysing and Evaluating my results. There is no pattern in my graph that I can see, the highest average energy released is Hula Hoops, and this is strange because the highest fat content is Walkers with 34g whereas Hula Hoops is only 28. 1g. I predicted that the crisps with the highest fat content will release the most energy, but this is not true because of my anomalous results. My method could have been a bit better by being more accurate. If I was to do this again I would redo the Hula Hoops and Walker Lite to make sure they are completely accurate. Im not sure how theses anomalous results occurred it could be my calculations or results that are inaccurate. I could extend this investigation by looking at different the sizes of the crisps and how much energy they release or a different food similar to crisps. From my results and the manufacturers results I can see there is a big difference this is because the manufacturer uses a calorimeter. The body uses energy to conduct vital functions and maintain itself at a constant temperature. By using a Calorimeter scientists have established the amounts of energy in the bodys fuels-carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. When you read the nutritional information on the foods packets you buy, the amount of calories in the food are stated. This is not the total energy in the food, but the amount of biologically available calories, i. e. the amount of energy in the food that your body can metabolise. A calorimeter of the type invented by Rubner is used to obtain these measurements. The manufacturer most likely used a calorimeter to measure the energy value in their crisps. This would have been tested many times under very controlled circumstances. In a calorimeter, all the heat given off by the food is transferred to a known quantity of water, which rises in temperature. It takes 4. 2 joules of heat to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1oc. I think I have anomalous results because of the way I held the walkers crisp as it is the only odd one; I think that maybe where the tweezers were holding the crisp. The results on my graph are meant to go up in a straight line but it doesnt as the Walkers crisps result is out of place. From my results I can see my prediction is heading in the right way. The crisps with the highest fat content are Hula Hoops with 34g and I predicted that this would have the highest amount of released energy which would be true if my Walkers results were correct. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  GCSE Electricity and Magnetism  section.

Intervention In Early Childhood Education Essay

Intervention In Early Childhood Education Essay Studies have shown intervention in early childhood may be crucial for the development of a child. According to Siraj- Blatchford, it is believed that children who have access to early childhood care and education may fare better in their future development. Government bodies advocate for intervention in early childhood as they believe that children from poor background may have equal chance to move out of the poverty cycle through education. However, it may be challenging to provide quality early childhood care and education to combat poverty. The relevance of early childhood models, social and cultural context, co-ordination within families, communities and government bodies play an important role in developing appropriate intervention programme to help children in poverty reach their full potential in mental and social development (Siraj-Blatchford). Context ( what are the legislation UNCRC, ECEC, NGO, statistics on what is happening globally, definition of term) The context of poverty differs in developed and developing countries. Developing countries may refer to countries in Africa, South America and Asia where there is a lower standard of living, for example, in healthcare and education. In developing countries, some of which may be torn by wars and internal conflicts, children live in hunger, poor health and poor nutrition. In these countries, poverty may be translated to high infant and child mortality, lack of education and surviving on less than a dollar a day (Penn, 2005). Developing countries may receive fundings from non-governmental organizations such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisation and United Nations to finance programs to bring the people out of the poverty cycle. According to Conleys human capital theory, investment in young children will bring the greatest return to society in the future. This is concurred in the human development case as explained in Siraj-Batchford, which states that intervention in early years will prevent loss of development potential in the children. Early childhood is a crucial period of development, poor health and nutrition which may arise out of poverty have negative consequences on the child. Early Childhood education and care (ECEC) has the potential to help children in poverty develop and equalize life chances. As such, much significance is given to ECEC in policies development globally. Developed countries may refer to the countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In developed countries, some government measure poverty as family earning less than half of the median income. In other countries, poverty may refer to people who cannot make the minimum requirement which is need to love as set by their governments (Penn, 2005). Poverty in developed countries may arise as a result of migration. Statistics have shown that UK and USA has the highest child poverty rate (Wilkinson Pickett in the Spirit Level, 2009) and Penn , 2005. People may migrate to the cities to seek employment or to move from countries in conflict. Statistics has shown that 1 in 37 people in the world is a migrant in search of work (Penn, 2005). As they go to the cities to seek employment, they may end up in low-paid job and both parents may need employment. For some mothers who stayed with their children in their hometown, they may need to seek employment in their hometown. As such, demand for child care services increases. In developed countries, government invest in early childhood care and education on the understanding that people contribute to the nations wealth. The economic benefits generated from investment in ECEC will churn greater gains in the future as it will lower health and social risks, like crime rates. In return, it will improve childrens development which is translated to jobs skills and higher worker productivity in future ( Siraj-Blatchford) Another rationale for early intervention in ECEC is the social justice case. All people should be given equal chances in life. Government has a responsibility to ensure all people has the same rights to education. Moreover, it is through education that people learn the fundamental attitudes and values to do well (Siraj-Blatchford). United Nation Convention for Child Rights (UNCRC) and every child matters (2006) states that all children have a right to life and governments must ensure that all children survive and stay healthy. Countries which have adopt the UNCRC therefore advocate for early childhood intervention plan. Non-governmental organizations like World Bank, IMF, WTO also understand the significance of ECEC and provide fundings for ECEC programmes in developing countries. Discussion (start by telling about developed and developing world, brofenbrenner) Findings ( Critique for intervention) govt need to be more realistic in addressing chn needs Government may set up non-profit organization to provide ECEC for children, for example , Head start program, which provides large scale early childhood programme which shows significant short-term benefits. However, long term benefits are not clear (Garces). Research by Obama administration show it provides little benefits to the children. In addition, survey by the US government show there is lack of qualified staff and health care professionals which will have adverse effect on the development of the children. Inequality of quality and access as private sectors tend to cater to the affluent and not set up in poorer regions of the countries Challenges to ECEC in developed countries may include lack of funding, inadequate co-ordination of the agencies involved, quality of programme and lack of qualified staff (Waller, 2009). Another challenge in developed countries is that one of the objectives of ECEC is to enable women to have equal participation in the workforce and to enable chidlren to learn and socialize (Penn, 2005). Early intervention to curb poverty is not the main priority, as such, this is another reason why ECEC is left to private operators. In USA, ECEC is left to individual providers so the quality of care and education is variable and there is inequitable access to these services. Individual providers are also more likely to set up ECEC centres in urban areas and this may be incompatible with the government aim to provide quality education for all children. Starting strong describe the progress made by OECD countries to implementation of ECCE However, there are some successful ECCE model in other countries, such as Te Whariki in New Zealand. The curriculum includes content which meets the needs of the people in the cultural and social context. As such, it applies to the children in the setting. It is also true for Reggio Emilia, which is highly successful as it is based on the local context where it promotes communication between adults and children (Waller 2009). These ECEC models work in the place where they originated because it caters to the social and cultural context of the people. Evidence is highly specific to certain group and programme cant be transferred Although NGOs like World bank provide fundings to developing countries for education, their priority lies in primary education (Coraggio, 1996). ECEC programme were mostly operated by private entrepreneurs and community-based (Penn, 2008). In addition, these ECEC programme were adopted from ECEC models developed in the western countries. These models may not be relevant in the developing countries. Most NGOs, for example, World bank is seen to concur on research studies done by Western institutions on child development. Decision to invest in ECEC programmes have been based on the experiences and practices of ECEC in developed countries (Penn, 2005). Maynard and Thomas(2004) noted that ECEC is given low priority in government policies in developing countries and they are usually maintained by private sector, or NGOs. As a result, faces of the following problems, developing countries (using developed countries model in developing countries) Lowly qualified teachers Irrelevant curriculum Inappropriate assessment Taught in foreign language , eg Malawi has oral language Parents cant afford school fees, clothes, shoes Children too hungry to learn Chidlren needed to help at home Stigma of AIDS/HIV shun by communities As in the case of Malawi, the ECEC set up in rural areas are community-based with poor program and unqualified staff. In addition the stigma of AIDS keep some of the children ostracized and as a result did not attend ECEC. Furthermore, Malawi has only oral language so it is a challenge to teach literacy to the children (Clark Tucker, 2010). ECD (urban intl org) CBCC (community based) Developing countries ECEC may widen the gap for intergenerational poverty as poor children may not have access to ECEC. Studies in Peru show that 30% of children whose mother have low education do not attend ECEC (Woodhead). UNCRC set rules on child rights but countries may not adopt them Even for countries who adopt UNCRC, they may made ratifications which may go against the interest of the child, for example, education for girls in certain Islamic countries . However, it has been noted that ECEC brings changes to the child for example, in the case of Mother-Child Education Programme in Turkey (Bekman) which involves mothers, it brings positive changes in the childs key environment and relationship. Studies show that these children enjoy higher education which result in better employment. Arango et al concur ECEC alone does not help, need active involvement from families, communities and all stakeholders to make it successful PROMESA in Columbia. 20 evaluation of program in various countries in Africa, South America and Asia show positive results Conclusion Most of the ECEC models are developed in Western countries where their chidlren accounted for less than 10% of the popuation in the world (LeVine, 2008). As in Brofenbrenner theory, the family and community (environment) has direct and indirect impact on the development of the child. This is one of the reason ECEC models cant work in developing countries where the cultures and values are totally different from where they originated (Penn 2005). Family values in developing countries may be different from Developed countries and intervention in ECCE may not be relevant (video-Babies)As in the case of PROMESA, when the parents, teachers and community are involved in the programme, they have positive effect in the child and thus make the programme successful. This is also true in the mother-child education in Turkey. As such, steps have to be taken to modify the ECEC program to include local context and to take into account English is not the main language in some of these developing countries. It would be beneficial to train local workers to be qualified educarers as it would provide employment and at the same time to be able to impart relevant skills in local context. Governments and NGOs like UN, World Bank should place priority on early childhood education instead of Primary Education. Perhaps Article 28 of UNCRC should be changed to all children should have the right to education instead of primary education.

Case Study: Elderly Patient with Several Concerns

Case Study: Elderly Patient with Several Concerns Daniel Littlewood   Case study Mrs Hiruni Jupangati You are an Enrolled Nurse working in the small public hospital in Cattelanbaa, rural QLD. This is your first job since completing the Diploma of Nursing and you have been working here for the past month. Mrs Hiruni Jupangati (born 20/05/1929) was admitted by her GP last night with exacerbation of asthma. She was born in Sri Lanka but migrated to Australia with her Australian Aboriginal husband whom she met during the 2nd World War. He worked as a stockman for a nearby cattle station until he retired to their small house in town 25 years ago. Their eldest son left home as a teenager and hasnt maintained contact with the family. Mrs Jupangati has 2 other children a daughter who lives on a sheep station just out of town, and a son who is a remote Aboriginal health worker in the NT. Mrs Jupangati has lived alone since her husband of 68 years died suddenly from a stroke 9 months ago. Although she is eligible for a place in a nursing home in Bigganbad, the regional centre 650km away, she is determined to see out her days at home. She receives support from the community nurse for wound care and her daughter who visits weekly to help with housework etc. She enjoys pottering in her vegetable and herb gardens, cooking Sri Lankan food, watching cricket and making robes for the Katina ceremony. Hiruni likes to spend time every day meditating, chanting from the Pali canon, and burning incense. The Buddhist monk visits once a month from Bigganbad and she attends the annual Poson and Katina festivals in Brisbane with her daughter. Mrs Jupangati has some mild short term memory loss and her GP noted she seemed somewhat confused during his visit. While she is normally independent in performing her ADLs, Hiruni attends to them once or twice per week. She wears a light pad for some urge urine incontinence. After 45 years of smoking heavily she stopped 5 years ago. Mrs Jupangati had excision of cataracts and insertion of IOL 2 years ago and wears glasses for reading. She can mobilise short distances independently with a walking frame. Mrs Jupangati has Osteoarthritis in her back, right hip and both knees. She had a left total hip replacement 6 months ago and is on the waiting list for the other joint replacements. She was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 5 years ago and has required insulin for the past 3 years. Her BGLs have been reasonably stable over that time. Along with Asthma and Diabetes, Mrs Jupangatis medical history includes Rheumatic fever as a child, Ischaemic Heart Disease (she had CABG 25 years ago), Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). At age 67 Mrs Jupangati had a left mastectomy and axillary clearance for breast cancer. Treatment included radiation and chemotherapy. There has been no apparent reoccurrence although she has not complied with follow-up mammograms which can only be done in Bigganbad. Mrs Jupangati has had four admissions to the local hospital in the past 6 months. One was for a fall and the other 3 for exacerbation of COPD and respiratory tract infections. She has a small skin tear on her right forearm, a diabetic ulcer on her left foot, and 2 small scratches from gardening on her right lower leg, all of which are being managed by the community nurse GP. Mrs Jupangati has several missing and decayed teeth. She is complaining of painful areas on her coccyx and red right heel since watching the recent cricket test series on TV. She wears hearing aids though needs reminding to use them. Patient observations on arrival to the hospital were as follows: Height 150cm Weight 87kg BP 160/90 Pulse 108 irregular Respirations 32 Temperature 37.8C O2 saturations 84% room air BSL 8.2mmol/l Urinalysis pH 6.0, SG 1010, Nitrates +, Leukocytes ++, Blood ++, urine cloudy and offensive Current Medications: Lantus Actrapid Seretide and Ventolin inhalers Panadol Osteo Voltaren Gel (her daughter gave this to her last week to help with arthritic pain) Oxycodone PRN Frusemide Enalapril Prednisolone Atorvastatin Coloxyl and Senna Pending investigations: Chest X-Ray Blood tests Spirometry Mid-stream urine (MSU) Other orders: TED stockings Bed rest with toilet privileges Oxygen @ 2L/min via nasal prongs Fluid balance bowel charts Q2:Identify, list and briefly outline the use for the equipment required to obtain all of Hiruni Jupangatis observations and complete the assessment form. A2: As written in (Tollefson, J., Watson, G., Jelly, E., Tambree, K., Bishop, T, 2015, pp.10-30, 66-98) the equipment required to carry out the observations for Mrs Jupangati are: Gloves and hand wash aid in preventing spread of infection. Height and weight scales needed to find BMI. Calculator to work out BMI. Blood Pressure and sphygmomanometer with BP cuff to take blood pressure. Stethoscope to listen to heart beat. Pen torch to check if PEARL. Watch for RR and pulse rates. Thermometer with probe covers take temperature. Pulse oximeter to get Mrs Jupangati SpO2 level. Urinalysis Commode, bedpan as required/ PPE/ specimen container/ urinalysis bottle with regent strips/ paper towel/ perineal care equipment/ watch/ pen and paper. BGL Glucometer/ cotton balls or gauze/ lancet/ sharps container/ testing strip/ diabetic chart/ warm water. Computer / relevant forms and pen to document data collected. Satisfactory Needs revision Q3:List five (5) strategies you could implement to enable Heroin to meet her emotional, psychosocial and spiritual needs. Identify 3 ways you would ensure both her privacy and confidentiality are maintained while she is an inpatient. A3: Understanding how Mrs Jupangati culture belief view health care will help to tailor questions and treatment plans to the Mrs Jupangati needs. By asking Mrs Jupangati about her religious and spiritual practice, you can learn something about Mrs Jupangati health care choices and preferences. Get to know Mrs Jupangati health problems will help you to develop a care plan for Mrs Jupangati, also involve Mrs Jupangati in her care plan. Anticipate Mrs Jupangati needs this will show Mrs Jupangati that you do care and that you want to provide Mrs Jupangati with the best plan of care possible. Gain Mrs Junpangati trust by providing consistent, respectful and patient-focused care, follow through on commitments and have an accepting attitude rather than being judgmental (Crisp, Douglas, Rebeiro, Waters, 2016 pp 447- 449 ). Three ways you would ensure Mrs Junpangati privacy are environment which is drawing curtains, closing windows and doors. No gossiping about her to staff members and patie nts. Do not post anything about her on social (Crisp et al., 2016 p225). Satisfactory Needs revision Q4What communication techniques would you use when interviewing/assessing Hiruni and explain briefly how they would assist you. A4: Active listening is taking an interest in what Mrs Junpangati has to say through verbal signal, nonverbal gestures, and body language. Using active listening will help build trust with Mrs Junpangati(Crisp et al., 2016 p222 ) . Using body language and gestures is important in making a connection with Mrs Junpangati, by taking the time to make eye contact, smiling, leaning forward and focusing my attention on Mrs Junpangati will help make a connection with her(Crisp et al., 2016 p223). Asking open end questions will require Mrs Junpangati to expand on her answer. English is Mrs Junpangati second language Junpangati may have difficult communicating, then closed questions may be required. Mrs Junpangati cultural difference and ESL may require me to prompt her, using clarification/validating techniques to build trust(Crisp et al., 2016 p224 ). Satisfactory Needs revision Q5:Review Mrs Jupangatis vital signs and observations. Identify whether they are within the normal range. If they are not within normal range state what the normal range and variance is and what the variance may indicate. Discuss your relevant duty of care expectations as an EN. A5: An EN duty of care expectations are to document, ensuring confidentiality of all vital signs and observations immediately after they are done. Any abnormalities of the vital signs and observations should be reported immediately to the RN so further action can be taken (Crisp et al., 2016 p173). Satisfactory Needs revision Q9:Identify four (4) potential risks in collecting the MSU and discuss what you, as the EN, would do to minimise these risks. Briefly state what relevance an environmental policy/procedure would have to Mid-Stream Urine collection/testing. A9: Four potential risks are contamination, infection, urine spill and incorrect labelling. These risks can be minimise by making sure the container is sterile, not touching the inside of the container, the specimen is taken mid-stream as required. Wear gloves to avoid infection and contamination and follow hand hygiene policy. Use ppe such as gloves, apron and glasses in case it splashes everywhere. To avoid incorrect labelling fill out the label before you give the container to Mrs Junganati, verify with Mrs Junganati details as the label is fill out and make sure the correct test procedure is written on the label as well (Crisp et al., 2016 pp 648-658 ).The relevance an environmental policy/procedure would have to a mid-Stream Urine collection/testing is it would tell you how to dispose of the urine and container correctly (Crisp et al., 2016 pp 132-133). Satisfactory Needs revision Q10:Explain good documentation standards/principles you would use as an EN caring for Mrs Jupangati. A10: Good documentation standards/principles are making sure all documents are focussed, accurate. Complete, timely, understandable, always objective and legible. On every document must be the unique identifier or medical record number, patients full name, DOB, gender. For good documentation entries must be neat, legible and English, must have proper grammar and spelling, must be accurate and clear, use black ink which is easily reproducible, use approved symbols and abbreviations, use the 24hr clock time sequenced, all entries from students must be countersigned by clinician who is supervising, all entries must be signed by author, followed by name and designation, make sure all entries are factual (Crisp et al., 2016 pp178-181). Satisfactory Needs revision Q13:Using your knowledge of anatomy and physiology identify and discuss three (3) possible causes of Mrs Jupangatis collapse. A13: Mrs Jupangati has osteoarthritis in her back, right hip and both knees. She also had a total left hip replacement 6 months ago and is on the waiting list for other joint replacements. She has also been admitted to hospital in the last 6 months with a fall. Mrs Jupangati has arthritis along with osteoarthritis which cause the cartilage or cushion between joints breaks down leading to pain, stiffness and swelling. Mrs Jupangati may have fell because her joints gave way or they lock up (Nazarko, 2015). Mrs Jupangati has type 2 Diabetes, she is taking insulin injections for her type 2 diabetes. Mrs Jupangati is obese which may be the cause she has type 2 diabetes. With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the bodys needs, or the bodys cells are resistant to it. Symptoms of diabetes may include fatigue, blurred vision and loss of consciousness (rare). Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of a stroke. Mrs Janpangati might have miss her insulin medication, which means glucose cannot make it into the cells to provide energy to the body, which may have cause Mrs Janpangati to have fatigue, blurred vision and loss of consciousness which cause her to fall (Nazarko, 2015). Mrs Jupangati was admitted last night with exacerbation of asthma. She was admitted with a very high respiratory rate. Mrs Jupangati use to smoke for 45 years. Mrs Jupangati has COPD and asthma which cause narrowing of the airways. Mrs Jupangati is not able to get the required amount of air into her lungs because she unable to take a full breath. Mrs Junpangati is tachycardia which means her heart is working hard to supply the body with more oxygenated blood, which means the lungs have to work faster to oxygenate the blood as well. Mrs Jupangati may have had an asthma attack which may cause her unable to breathe and lose consciousness, which cause her to fall and hit her head (Nazarko, 2015). Satisfactory Needs revision Q15:List Mrs Jupangatis analgesic medications. Outline the process you would use to assess the need to give the opioid. Is an [E]EN authorised to administer the opioid? If so, explain how legislative and regulatory standards support this practice and how the EN would ensure these requirements are met whilst performing this activity. A15: Mrs Jupangatis analgesic medication is Oxycodone and Panadol Osteo. To assess to see if Mrs Jupangati needs her Oxycodone PRN a pain assessment will be required. A pain assessment consists of provoking/palliative factors what makes the pain better or worst. Quality what the pain feels like in the patient words. Region and radiation, where is the pain, does it radiate, does it occur anywhere else, have the patient point to where the pain is. Severity, have the patient rate their pain using a pain rating scale, ask the patient how much pain they have at rest and how much pain they have at movement. Time, when the pain began and how long did the pain last. Patients understanding of the cause of pain and what treatments have they tried to relieve it (Crisp et al., 2016 p1336). An EN can administer the opioid because it is a control drug. For a EN to administer Mrs Jupangatis opioid they must have written in instruction from one of the following dentist, doctor, nurse practitioner, p hysician assistant or surgical podiatrist and a doctor, dentist or registered nurse supervise, or they can give control drug to a person if has been dispense for that person doctor, dentist or registered nurse supervise (Queensland Government, 2016). Satisfactory Needs revision Q16:Review Mrs Jupangatis medical history medications. Identify urgent patient education needs, describe how you would go about this and who you would involve. A16: Diabetes, Mrs Jupangati needs to lead a heathier lifestyle I would involve the following doctor, dietician or nutritionist, accredited exercise physiologist/physiotherapist and her daughter. Blood glucose Mrs Jupangati needs to check her blood glucose levels at home to making sure she is within normal limits and Mrs Jupangati must take the required medication so the following people should be involve the RN, her community nurse and Mrs Jupangati daughter to ensure she carry out this. Pressure Area Care, Mrs Jupangati needs education on pressure injuries, how her diabetes will increases the risks, what can Mrs Jupangati do to minimise these risk and how Mrs Jupangati can care for her pressure injury. People to get involved doctor/RN speak to her and her daughter and community nurse. Wound care, involve Mrs Jupangati, daughter and community nurse. Nutrition get the following people involved nutritionist and her daughter. Advise them of what Mrs Jupangati should be eating and avoiding. Oral hygiene Mrs Jupangati needs to be refer to a dentist, educate Mrs Jupangati, community nurse and daughter, educate them on steroid medications effect on Mrs Jupangati teeth and educate them on mouth care. ADLs/hygiene involved Mrs Jupangati , community nurse and her daughter, explain to them why hygiene is so important when you are a diabetic because it can cause sores to become infected a lot easier. How to use puffers/spacer, involve Mrs Jupangati, community nurse and her daug hter. Explain the process with them and show them as well. When teaching Mrs Jupangati reduce environmental distractions, to compensate for Mrs Jupangati hearing loss and with Mrs Jupangati attention and concentration. When talking to Mrs Jupangati use a low-pitched voice, speak clearly and slowly, and face Mrs Jupangati while talking. Encourage Mrs Jupangati to use her hearing aid. Ask the Mrs Jupangati questions to verify that she has understood what been said, and give written information as backup to what youve presented orally to Mrs Jupangati. Mrs Jupangati has impaired vision, use adequate diffused light, and avoid having Mrs Jupangati face a direct source of light. Make sure Mrs Jupangati has her prescription glasses, make sure she is wearing them, and use large print for labels and instructions. Keep teaching sessions short for Mrs Jupangati between 10 to 15 minutes and schedule them to allow Mrs Jupangati to rest as needed. When teaching Mrs Jupangati any activity or skill, the pace must be set Mrs Jupangati(Crisp et al., 2016 pp 2 6-7) . Satisfactory Needs revision Q17:Identify potential causes of Mrs Jupangatis poor oral condition and describe how you could assist her in maintaining proper oral health. A17: Cause of Mrs Jupangati poor oral condition are diabetes if Mrs Jupangati poorly managed her diabetes she is at an increased risk of tooth decay and gum infections (Diabetes Victoria, 2016). She is a former smoker which can cause mouth decay. She is taking Prednisolone which may lead to bone loss in her mouth. She is taking steroids which can cause oral thrush. Mrs Jupangati has medicine for high blood pressure, analgesics and ACE inhibitors which cause insufficient saliva which cause gum disease because saliva keeps the mouth healthy (NPS MedicineWise, 2016). While Mrs Jupangati is in hospital I will help her with her oral care by assisting her with oral care twice a day. By assisting Mrs Jupangati I will educate Mrs Jupangati on why it is importance to do her oral care and it will get her in a routine. Educate Mrs Jupangati about diabetes and gum disease that she needs to have her BGL at the right level, needs to take her medication correctly and is to test her BGL regularly. Satisfactory Needs revision Q18:Discuss the potential cause of Mrs Jupangatis painful coccyx reddened right heel and explain why this might have occurred. Outline how the EN will manage this concern effectively. A18: Mrs Jupangati is 87years old, has diabetes, and limited mobility. As people age their subcutaneous fat diminishes and their skin texture flatten out. The loss of skin texture allow the epidermis to peel away, increasing the likelihood of skin tears. Mrs Jupangati has lost her skin texture and has poor blood flow to her extremities, especially legs and feet due to her diabetes. Mrs Jupangati poor glucose levels may result in a reduced blood supply which makes them more prone to infection, ulcers and pressure injuries As Mrs Jupangati has been watching the cricket sitting down for a long period of time without moving, she would be applying pressure on her coccyx and her heels on the couch. This would have interfere with her circulation because she was applying pressure which would have cause tissue death. The EN will need to do a waterlow risk assessment Mrs Jupangati must be move every two hours, the EN will need to put a mepilex INSITU on Mrs Jupangati heel and coccyx . Mrs Jupangati must have a wedge pillow under her shins and be given an air bed. The EN can wash and dry the area as well. The EN must educate Mrs Jupangati on pressure injury care and prevention, advising Mrs Jupangati to move every couple of hours. Informing Mrs Jupangati to use non-cosmetic moisturisers on her skin, check regularly for red or sores areas, and about hygiene (Crisp et al., 2016 pp724-736). Satisfactory Needs revision References       Crisp, J., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., Waters, D. (2016). Potter Perrys fundamentals of nursing (5 ed.). Australia: Harcourt Publishers Group Pty Diabetes Victoria. (2016). Diabetes long-term effects. Retrieved 2 19, 2017, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/diabetes-long-term-effects Nazarko, L. (2015). Modifiable risk factors for falls and minimizing the risk of harm. Nurse Prescribing, 13(4), 192-198. Retrieved from CINAHL database http://web.ebscohost.com NPS MedicineWise. (2016). Prednisolone (corticosteroids (oral and injectable)). Retrieved 2 19, 2017, from http://www.nps.org.au/medicines/hormonal-and-metabolic-system/corticosteroids-oral-and-injectable/prednisolone-corticosteroids-oral-and-injectable Queensland Government. (2016). Health (Drugs and Poisons) Regulation 1966. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/H/HealDrAPoR96.pdf Tollefson, J., Watson, G., Jelly, E., Tambree, K. (2015). Essential clinical skills: Enrolled/division 2 nurses. (3 ed.). Melbourne, VIC, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia.

Discrimination in America Essay -- Race Racism Prejudice

Our world has always been faced with the problem of discrimination. It is one of the most discussed topics nowadays and throughout history. In all countries there is most likely at least one type of discrimination that affects different groups of people. The definition of discrimination is the denial of opportunity or equal rights for a specific group of people that may be differentiated by things such as their religion, color of skin, or gender. The world we live in has been struggling with this sensitive subject for as long as we the have record. Many people believe discrimination has made big steps forward, but has it really? If it has, why do people still get turned down, receive hate mail, or get ridiculed simply because they differ from each other. I guess these are questions we must ask ourselves. I guess you could also ask yourself if you have ever called anybody a name, looked at them different or judged them when you did not even know them or understand them. You m ay be thinking "That is not discrimination," but, in fact, it is. Personally, I never felt that I was discriminated against by anyone or discriminated against others until I came to the USA. Even though this country welcomes all immigrants, people still get treated as â€Å"others.† I remember the night when I arrived in the United States and saw so many black people in the airport. My friends and I were pointing at them and saying â€Å"Look, they are black and they are not like us, they are others.† While we were not trying to be rude, it is clear to me now that we were actually being discriminatory. However, I didn’t realize at the time that sooner or later I would be considered as an â€Å"other† also. Even as a good-looking, smart, intelligent European w... ...ome from), the issue of racial discrimination is not as strong but there are some others, such as gender, class and religion discrimination. This is truly a global issue affecting all nations. I closing, I have realized from my arrival in America that diverse people will often judge each other by appearance and language rather than on substance. We must accept the fact that while people may get more tolerant, there will always be some sort of discrimination. Instead of giving up, it has just made me stronger as I have learned to adapt and not have a complex about my differences. I am sure there are many stories similar to mine that can be used as examples of discrimination. The United States has not solved this problem, but there are a lot of things that have been done in this country in order to have equal rights so that fewer people are treated like â€Å"others.†

Philosophy of Music Education Essay -- Music Instrumental Essays

Philosophy of Music Education Music is a basic part of everyday life. What makes music unique is its ability to create an emotional response in a person. A music education program should develop the aesthetic experience of every student to its highest potential. Aesthetics is the study of the relationship of art to the human senses. Intelligence exists in several areas, which includes music. The concept of aesthetics allows us to see into ourselves, which in turn helps the development of the intelligences. Not only are these intelligences brought up greatly in music education, but they can be transferred to other areas as well, allowing students to grow more through their other subjects. My philosophy of music education is committed to offering a comprehensive program of Music Education to all students, at all levels who want to participate in musical study. The emphasis will be upon daily music education as it is developed in the classroom, through performance, and in the belief that students best learn to understand and appreciate music by active involvement in music. The job of a music educator is to foster an environment where everyone can succeed in music. Students have the ability to grow and to be a part of a team through their participation in group activities. We must encourage the growth of students within our music education program, not just as musicians but also as individuals.Instrumental Music For Special Learners This article ...